A background check or background investigation is the process of looking up and compiling criminal records, commercial records and financial records (in certain instances such as employment screening etc) of an individual.

These checks are often used by employers as a means of objectively evaluating a person's qualifications, character, fitness, and to identify potential risks associated with a person for safety and security reasons. Background check is also used to thoroughly investigate potential government employees in order to be given a security Clearance.